Figure 1 腹部クチクラの染色切片写真 ×200 Figure1.Transversesectionsofstainedabdominalcuticleat200×magnification.(A)Co.formosanus;（A） Coptotermes formosanusイエシロアリ；（B） Neotermes jouteli；（C） Cryptotermes (B)N.jouteli;(C)C.cavifrons;(D)C.brevis.Thearrowsindicatethecuticle.cavifrons；（D） Cryptotermes brevisニシインドカンザイシロアリ 3.2. Rectal Pad Width 矢印はクチクラを示す。Rectal Pad Widths (Microns) * Rectal Pad Widths (Microns) * Observations Observations Observations 66 59 66 62 59 55 62 55 * Values followed by the same letters are not significantly different (Tukey’s HSD at ɑ = 0.05). =0.05).Insects2020,11,262160.5 ± 4.2a 142.6 ± 3.7b 101.8 ± 4.8c 171.6 ± 4.8a 160.5 ± 4.2a 142.6 ± 3.7b 101.8 ± 4.8c 171.6 ± 4.8a 160.5 ± 4.2a 142.6 ± 3.7b 160.5±4.2a101.8 ± 4.8c 142.6±3.7b171.6 ± 4.8a 101.8±4.8c171.6±4.8a 4 of 10 3.2. Rectal Pad Width 3.2. Rectal Pad Width Co. formosanus Species C. brevis C. cavifrons Co. formosanus Insects 2020, 11, 262 N. jouteli *Valuesfollowedbythesamelettersarenotsignificantlydifferent(Tukey’sHSDat1616個所で測定を行った。Figure 2にrectal padを示した。N. jouteliとニシインドカンザイシロアリのrectal padは一般的には短くて厚く, より膨らんだ形状であった。Table 2. Rectal pad widths (mean ± SEM) of four termite species. Table 1 4種シロアリのクチクラの厚さ（平均±標準誤差）Rectal Pad Widths (Microns) * Insects 2020, 11, 262 * Values followed by the same letters are not significantly different (Tukey’s HSD at ɑ = 0.05). Figure 1. Transverse sections of stained abdominal cuticle at 200× magnification. (A) Co. formosanus; Figure 1. Transverse sections of stained abdominal cuticle at 200× magnification. (A) Co. formosanus; (B) N. jouteli; (C) C. cavifrons; (D) C. brevis. The arrows indicate the cuticle. (B) N. jouteli; (C) C. cavifrons; (D) C. brevis. The arrows indicate the cuticle. 3.2.RectalPadWidthThe ANOVA test indicated that there was a significant difference in rectal pad width (df = 3, F = The ANOVA test indicated that there was a significant difference in rectal pad width (df = 3, F = TheANOVAtestindicatedthattherewasasignificantdifferenceinrectalpadwidth(df=3,48.4, p-value < 0.0001) among the four termite species. Rectal pad widths were not significantly 48.4, p-value < 0.0001) among the four termite species. Rectal pad widths were not significantly F=48.4,p-value<0.0001)amongthefourtermitespecies.Rectalpadwidthswerenotsignificantlydifferent between N. jouteli and C. brevis (Table 2), but both these species had significantly thicker different between N. jouteli and C. brevis (Table 2), but both these species had significantly thicker differentbetweenN.jouteliandC.brevis(Table2),butboththesespecieshadsignificantlythickerpadspads than C. cavifrons and Co. formosanus, with Co. formosanus having the thinnest rectal pads (Table pads than C. cavifrons and Co. formosanus, with Co. formosanus having the thinnest rectal pads (Table thanC.cavifronsandCo.formosanus,withCo.formosanushavingthethinnestrectalpads(Table2).2). Multiple measurements were taken from six termite individuals per species. Visual examples of 2). Multiple measurements were taken from six termite individuals per species. Visual examples of Multiplemeasurementsweretakenfromsixtermiteindividualsperspecies.Visualexamplesofthethe rectal pads of the four termite species are shown in Figure 2. The rectal pads of N. jouteli and C. the rectal pads of the four termite species are shown in Figure 2. The rectal pads of N. jouteli and C. rectalpadsofthefourtermitespeciesareshowninFigure2.TherectalpadsofN.jouteliandC.brevisbrevis were generally shorter and thicker, often taking a swollen, more bulbous shape. 4 of 10 4of102.28±0.03a2.10±0.03b1.81±0.03c2.51±0.05d18022219633966596255species.SignificantdifferenceswereseparatedusingTukey’sHonestSignificantDifference(HSD)posthoctests.Figure 1. Transverse sections of stained abdominal cuticle at 200× magnification. (A) Co. formosanus; (B) N. jouteli; (C) C. cavifrons; (D) C. brevis. The arrows indicate the cuticle. 3.Results3.1.CuticleThicknessThe ANOVA test indicated that there was a significant difference in rectal pad width (df = 3, F = TheANOVAtestindicatedthattherewasasignificantdifferenceincuticlethickness(df=3,48.4, p-value < 0.0001) among the four termite species. Rectal pad widths were not significantly F=55,p-value<0.0001)amongthefourtermitespecies.WhenseparatingdifferencesusingTukey’sdifferent between N. jouteli and C. brevis (Table 2), but both these species had significantly thicker HSD,allfourspecieswerefoundtobesignificantlydifferent,withN.joutelihavingthethickestcuticlepads than C. cavifrons and Co. formosanus, with Co. formosanus having the thinnest rectal pads (Table andCo.formosanushavingthethinnest(Table1).Multiplemeasurementsweretakenfromsixtermite 2). Multiple measurements were taken from six termite individuals per species. Visual examples of individualsperspecies.Cuticlethicknessisgenerallyuniformalongtheabdomen,exceptwhereitFigure 1. Transverse sections of stained abdominal cuticle at 200× magnification. (A) Co. formosanus; the rectal pads of the four termite species are shown in Figure 2. The rectal pads of N. jouteli and C. transitionstomoreflexibleconnectivemembrane.AvisualexampleofastainedcuticleisshowninFigure 1. Transverse sections of stained abdominal cuticle at 200× magnification. (A) Co. formosanus; Figure1.Transversesectionsofstainedabdominalcuticleat200×magnification.(A)Co.formosanus;(B) N. jouteli; (C) C. cavifrons; (D) C. brevis. The arrows indicate the cuticle. brevis were generally shorter and thicker, often taking a swollen, more bulbous shape. (B) N. jouteli; (C) C. cavifrons; (D) C. brevis. The arrows indicate the cuticle. Figure1.(B)N.jouteli;(C)C.cavifrons;(D)C.brevis.Thearrowsindicatethecuticle.3.2. Rectal Pad Width 3.2.RectalPadWidthThe ANOVA test indicated that there was a significant difference in rectal pad width (df = 3, F = The ANOVA test indicated that there was a significant difference in rectal pad width (df = 3, F = Species TheANOVAtestindicatedthattherewasasignificantdifferenceinrectalpadwidth(df=3,48.4, p-value < 0.0001) among the four termite species. Rectal pad widths were not significantly 48.4, p-value < 0.0001) among the four termite species. Rectal pad widths were not significantly C. brevis 66 F=48.4,p-value<0.0001)amongthefourtermitespecies.Rectalpadwidthswerenotsignificantlydifferent between N. jouteli and C. brevis (Table 2), but both these species had significantly thicker different between N. jouteli and C. brevis (Table 2), but both these species had significantly thicker C. cavifrons 59 differentbetweenN.jouteliandC.brevis(Table2),butboththesespecieshadsignificantlythickerpadspads than C. cavifrons and Co. formosanus, with Co. formosanus having the thinnest rectal pads (Table pads than C. cavifrons and Co. formosanus, with Co. formosanus having the thinnest rectal pads (Table 62 thanC.cavifronsandCo.formosanus,withCo.formosanushavingthethinnestrectalpads(Table2).2). Multiple measurements were taken from six termite individuals per species. Visual examples of 2). Multiple measurements were taken from six termite individuals per species. Visual examples of N. jouteli 55 Multiplemeasurementsweretakenfromsixtermiteindividualsperspecies.Visualexamplesofthethe rectal pads of the four termite species are shown in Figure 2. The rectal pads of N. jouteli and C. the rectal pads of the four termite species are shown in Figure 2. The rectal pads of N. jouteli and C. * Values followed by the same letters are not significantly different (Tukey’s HSD at ɑ = 0.05). rectalpadsofthefourtermitespeciesareshowninFigure2.TherectalpadsofN.jouteliandC.brevisbrevis were generally shorter and thicker, often taking a swollen, more bulbous shape. =0.05).*Valuesfollowedbythesamelettersarenotsignificantlydifferent(Tukey’sHSDatbrevis were generally shorter and thicker, often taking a swollen, more bulbous shape. weregenerallyshorterandthicker,oftentakingaswollen,morebulbousshape.Co. formosanus N. jouteli 3.2. Rectal Pad Width Table1.Cuticlethicknesses(mean±SEM)offourtermitespecies.ObservationsCuticleThickness(Microns)*SpeciesC.brevisC.cavifronsCo.formosanusN.jouteliTable 2. Rectal pad widths (mean ± SEM) of four termite species. Table 2. Rectal pad widths (mean ± SEM) of four termite species. Table 2 4種シロアリのrectal padの幅（平均±標準誤差）Species C. brevis C. cavifrons Table2.Rectalpadwidths(mean±SEM)offourtermitespecies.ObservationsSpeciesC.brevisRectalPadWidths(Microns)*C.cavifronsCo.formosanusN.jouteli3.3 腹部気門 Figure 3にN. jouteliの腹部の解剖後の気門を一例として示した。4種とも8個の各腹部背板節に気門があり, 側面膜付近に位置していた（Figure 3の赤丸）。
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