formosanus;（A）イエシロアリ；（B） N. jouteli；（C） C. cavifrons；（D）ニシインドカンザイシロアリ 矢印は各rectal padを示す。 Figure 3 N. jouteliの背板節と側面膜近くの腹部気門（赤丸部分）。イエシロアリ, C. cavifrons, ニシインドカンザイシロアリの腹部気門も同様の箇所にある。1717Insects 2020, 11, 262 Insects2020,11,262Insects 2020, 11, 262 Figure 2. Transverse sections of stained rectal pads at 200× magnification. (A) Co. formosanus; (B) N. jouteli; (C) C. cavifrons; (D) C. brevis. The arrows indicate individual rectal pads. 6 of 10 6of106 of 10 Insects2020,11,262Insects 2020, 11, 262 Figure 2 rectal padの染色切片写真 ×200 Figure2.Transversesectionsofstainedrectalpadsat200×magnification.(A)Co.(B)N.jouteli;(C)C.cavifrons;(D)C.brevis.Thearrowsindicateindividualrectalpads.Figure 3. Abdominal spiracles marked with red circles on the tergites and near the pleural membrane Figure3.Abdominalspiraclesmarkedwithredcirclesonthetergitesandnearthepleuralmembraneof N. jouteli. Abdominal spiracles of Co. formosanus, C. cavifrons, and C. brevis were found in similar Figure 3. Abdominal spiracles marked with red circles on the tergites and near the pleural membrane ofN.jouteli.AbdominalspiraclesofCo.formosanus,C.cavifrons,andC.breviswerefoundinsimilarlocations on their bodies. of N. jouteli. Abdominal spiracles of Co. formosanus, C. cavifrons, and C. brevis were found in similar locationsontheirbodies.locations on their bodies. 5of105 of 10 3.3.AbdominalSpiracles3.3. Abdominal Spiracles Figure 3 is an example of the abdominal spiracles after the dissection of a specimen of N. jouteli. Figure3isanexampleoftheabdominalspiraclesafterthedissectionofaspecimenofN.jouteli.All four species had spiracles on each of the eight tergites of the abdomen, situated near the pleural Allfourspecieshadspiraclesoneachoftheeighttergitesoftheabdomen,situatednearthepleuralmembrane (as in Figure 3, red circles). Dissected spiracles can be seen through the transparent cuticle membrane(asinFigure3,redcircles).Dissectedspiraclescanbeseenthroughthetransparentcuticleof the termite body. In Co. formosanus, the spiracle had a j-shape, but lacked the protuberance seen in ofthetermitebody.InCo.formosanus,thespiraclehadaj-shape,butlackedtheprotuberanceseeninthe kalotermitids (Figure 4A). In C. cavifrons, C. brevis, and N. jouteli, the spiracles take on a j-shape, thekalotermitids(Figure4A).InC.cavifrons,C.brevis,andN.jouteli,thespiraclestakeonaj-shape,withwith an extension (atrial arm) protruding from the main channel of the spiracle (Figure 4B–D, red anextension(atrialarm)protrudingfromthemainchannelofthespiracle(Figure4B–D,redarrows).arrows). In Co. formosanus, the lack of the protuberance is evident (Figure 5A,B), as the tracheal trunk InCo.formosanus,thelackoftheprotuberanceisevident(Figure5A,B),asthetrachealtrunk(Figure5d)(Figure 5d) is attached to the underside of the main structural curve (i.e., the beginning of the tail of the j-shape), with a main atrial arm (Figure 5c), but no additional arm present. In the kalotermitids isattachedtotheundersideofthemainstructuralcurve(i.e.,thebeginningofthetailofthej-shape),(exemplified in Figure 6A–D), however, the trachea (Figure 6e) appeared to connect beneath the withamainatrialarm(Figure5c),butnoadditionalarmpresent.Inthekalotermitids(exemplifiedstructural curves, adjacent to the main atrial arm (Figure 6c) and an additional atrial arm (Figure 6d), inFigure6A–D),however,thetrachea(Figure6e)appearedtoconnectbeneaththestructuralcurves,the “protuberance.” The spiracular structure of Co. formosanus was generally longer and thinner than adjacenttothemainatrialarm(Figure6c)andanadditionalatrialarm(Figure6d),the“protuberance.”the structures found in the kalotermitids. Stained and sectioned specimens, in conjunction with ThespiracularstructureofCo.formosanuswasgenerallylongerandthinnerthanthestructuresfoundunstained dissection slides helped visualize the morphology of the spiracular structures. inthekalotermitids.Stainedandsectionedspecimens,inconjunctionwithunstaineddissectionslideshelpedvisualizethemorphologyofthespiracularstructures.
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